Difference Between Windows 8 and Windows 8.1

Parameter	Windows 8	Windows 8.1
Definition	It is a Personal Computer Operating System Designed by Microsoft and is preceded by Windows 7 Operating System.	It is enhanced version of windows 8 operating system.
Start Button	Start Button is not Present in Windows 8.	Start Button is restored to task bar in Windows 8.1 to open start screen.
App  Snapping	Only two app can be snapped onto a single display.	4 Applications can be snapped onto a single display depending upon screen size.
Message App	Message App is available in Windows 8.	Message is Replaced by Skype, which allows users to accept calls directly from lock screen.

Difference Between Database and Data Warehouse

Parameter	Database	Data Warehouse
Definition	Organized Collection of Data is called database.	Database of Databases is Called Data Warehouse.
Purpose	It is designed to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, administration of data (Transaction Processing).	It is a relational database that is designed for query and analysis rather than transaction processing.
Data Type	Data stored in Database is up to date.	Current and Historical Data is Stored in Data Warehouse.
Orientation	Transaction Oriented: e.g. Each Transaction of Bank Customer is written to database and is interpreted as Accounting Database.	Subject Oriented: The data in the data warehouse is organized so that all the data elements relating to the same real-world event or object are linked together.

Difference Between Data Mining and Machine Learning

Parameter	Data Mining	Machine Learning
Definition	Data mining is a process to extract information from a data set and transform it into an understandable structure for further use.	It is a Technique that concerns the construction and study of systems that can learn from data.
Focus	It focuses on the discovery of unknown properties in the data.	It focuses on prediction, based on known properties learned from training data.
Database Size	It is an automatic or semi-automatic analysis that is performed on large quantities of data.	It is generally performed on small databases to increase accuracy.
Types	Association Rules Classification Clustering Sequential Patterns Sequence Similarity	Supervised Un Supervised Reinforcement

Difference Between Blackbox and Whitebox Testing

Parameter	Black Box Testing	White Box Testing
Definition	It is a Software Testing Technique that examines the functionality of an Application without peering into its working or coding.	It is a Software Testing Technique to test internal structure and working of an Application Software.
Technique Applied in	This Technique Applied in Unit, Integration, System and Acceptance levels of Software Testing Process.	This Technique Applied in Unit, Integration and system levels of Software Testing Process.
Test Procedures	For Black box Testing Specific knowledge of the application's coding/internal structure and programming in general is not required.	For White box Testing Specific knowledge of the application's coding/internal structure and programming is required.

Difference Between MAC and IP address

Parameter	MAC Address	IP Address
Acronym for	media access control address	Internet Protocol Address
Used for	It is a unique identifier that is assigned to network interfaces for communicating on the physical network segments.	It is a numerical value that is assigned to all the participating devices in a network. i.e. Servers, Computers, Printers, WAP, Laptops etc.
Provided BY	It is generally provided by the manufacturer of the NIC cards and is stored in its hardware.	It is provided by the ISP (Internet Service Provider) or by the Network Administrator.
Length	It is 48 bit address which contains 6 groups of 2 hexadecimal digits, separated by either hyphens (-) or colons (:) E.g. 00:FF:FF:AB:BB:AA Or 00-FF-FF-AB-BB-AA	IPv4 uses 32 bit address in dotted notations, whereas IPv6 Uses 128 bit address in hexadecimal notations. e.g. IPv4      192.168.1.1 IPv6    FFFE:F200:3204:0B00: 0122:4555:8001:AB00

Difference Between OSI and TCP/IP Reference Models

Parameter	OSI Reference Model	TCP/IP Model
Clarification between Services, Interfaces and Protocols	OSI Model clearly distinguishes between Services, Interfaces and Protocols. Each layer performs some services to upper layers, layer interfaces tells the processes above it how to access it, and different protocols are used by different layers as per their needs until a job is not finished.	TCP/IP model does not clearly distinguish between Services, Interfaces and Protocols.
Protocol Biasing	This model is not biased for a particular set of protocols and was developed before corresponding protocols invention.	This Model was developed after inventing corresponding protocols and just was description of existing protocols.
Layers	It is a Seven Layered Model. Which are as follows : a)      Physical Layer b)      Data Link Layer c)       Network Layer d)      Transport Layer e)      Session Layer f)       Presentation Layer g)      Application Layer	It is a 4 Layered Model. Which are as follows: a)      Subnet Layer b)      Internet Layer c)       Transport layer d)      Application Layer

Difference Between Synchronous TDM and Statistical TDM

Parameter	Synchronous TDM	Statistical TDM
Working	In Synchronous TDM data flow of each input connection is divided into units and each input occupies one output time slot.	In Statistical TDM slots are allotted dynamically. i.e. input line is given slots in output frame if and only if it has data to send.
No. of Slots	In Synchronous TDM no. of slots in each frame are equal to no. of input lines.	In Statistical TDM, No. of slots in each frame are less than the no. of input lines.
Buffers	Buffering is not done, frame is sent after a particular interval of time whether someone has data to send or not.	Buffering is done and only those inputs are given slots in output frame whose buffer contains data to send.
Addressing	Slots in Synchronous TDM carry data only and there is no need of addressing. Synchronization and pre assigned relationships between input and outputs that serve as an address.	Slots in Statistical TDM contain both data and address of the destination.